Rome’s architecture is a captivating blend of historical layers, showcasing the evolution of Western architecture over millennia. If you decide to visit Rome or live in Rome you can not consider admiring the hundreds of buildings that make this city unique.
In its long life, Rome saw the birth, development, and death of many architectural currents and a lot of examples of those are still visible. Generally in the Eternal City, you can admire Ancient Roman Architecture, Romanesque, Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical and Modern.
The Roman Architecture
Ancient Roman Architecture is the most iconic and famous in Rome, and it existed between the Roman Republic in 509 BC to about the 4th century AD. Roman architecture adopted the Greek classical orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian) and revolutionized architecture with the widespread use of concrete, arches, vaults, and domes, allowing them to create massive, impressive structures like the Colosseum.
Roman architecture aimed to project power and authority and this is evident in the scale and design of public buildings.
The Romanesque Architecture
The Romanesque emerged about 1000AD and lasted until about 1150AD, by which time it had evolved into Gothic. The Romanesque was at its height between 1075AD and 1125AD in France, Italy, Britain, and the German lands. In Rome, left its mark in many churches like the Basilica dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio.
The Renaissance Architecture
The Renaissance was an artistic, literary and architectural movement born in Italy around the 14th century. Rome became a major centre of Renaissance architecture, with contributions from renowned artists like Bramante and Michelangelo. St. Peter’s Basilica is a prime example of Renaissance architectural grandeur.
The Baroque Architecture
The Baroque style (17th and 18th centuries) was born in Italy and its influence quickly spread across Europe becoming the first visual style to have a significant worldwide impact.
This new style brought to Rome a dramatic flair, characterized by elaborate ornamentation and dynamic forms, the Trevi Fountain is a marvellous example.
Neoclassical and Modern Architecture
The last two are the Neoclassical, late 18th and early 19th centuries, and Modern-Contemporary, which added further layers to Rome’s architectural tapestry.
The Fascist era (1922-1943) also left a very distinct architectural footprint in the city.
Can I tour Rome’s palaces and aristocratic buildings?
Rome is full of palaces and aristocratic buildings to visit and there are multiple fantastic examples of all the different architectural styles that make the Eternal City unique.
If you want to tour these buildings choose in advance which one to visit first. The majority of them are in the city centre and a couple who are worth a visit are Palazzo Farnese and Palazzo Colonna (or Galleria Colonna).
Palazzo Farnese, near Campo de Fiori, is one of the most important High Renaissance palaces in Rome. It currently serves as the French embassy in Italy. Construction began in 1515, and the palace opened in 1541. Michelangelo was one of the architects who projected the building. The palace is considered one of the most beautiful buildings in Rome.
Palazzo Colonna is also a stunning palace known for its opulent Baroque interiors, lavish frescoes, and extraordinary private art collection. It’s considered one of Rome’s most breathtaking yet underrated treasures. The palace boasts splendid Baroque interiors with gilded mirrors, intricate stucco work, and frescoes by renowned artists.
This place is only open to the public on Friday and Saturday mornings, therefore, it is highly recommended that you book in advance.
How can I visit the Colosseum without waiting in long lines?
A must-see in Rome is the Colosseum. If you did not visit the Colosseum you did not visit this European capital.
The Colosseum’s architecture is a testament to the engineering prowess of ancient Rome.
Everything in this building is unique:
- Its materials, travertine limestone, tuff (volcanic rock), and brick-faced concrete, provided both strength and durability.
- Its elliptical amphitheatre, designed to hold tens of thousands of spectators.
- The exterior features a series of arcades, with each level showcasing a different classical architectural order: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. This “assemblage of orders” became a standard in later Renaissance architecture.
- The complex system of vaults and arches allowed for the massive structure to stand.
Many others are the characteristics of this monument and to visit it is important to book your ticket in advance.
Always purchase it from the official Colosseum website to avoid scams and ensure entry. Guided tours often include priority access. Sometimes buying a combined ticket, that contains the visit to the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill, can provide access to the Colosseum through a less crowded entrance.
Another way to avoid long lines is to go there early mornings or late afternoons and visit during the off-season (outside of summer).
It is also worth checking the official Colosseum website for any special ticket options, such as night tours, that may provide a less crowded experience.
What are the best ways to experience Rome’s architecture up close?
Experiencing Rome’s architecture up close is a truly immersive experience.
As usual, we always suggest tailoring your visit and planning in advance what to see, such as Roman, Renaissance, Baroque or Modern — Contemporary architecture. This allows for a more focused and in-depth experience.
For instance, If you are interested in modern–contemporary style, pick up the areas where you will find more examples, like the EUR neighbourhood. In this district, there are buildings made during the Fascism era and the late “Nuvola” di Fuksas. An extraordinary example of innovation in Ecofriendly architecture that in 2012 received the Best Building Site award from the Royal Institute of British Architects in London.
The historical centre is where you will find marvellous examples of Roman, Renaissance and Baroque architecture. Anyway, to avoid crowds and have a more immersive experience of your visit, is always a good solution to find a valuable private tour guide. Many are buildings to see, a golf cart tour can be a perfect solution to avoid fatigue too.
When you explore Rome, always pay attention to architectural details. Observe the intricate particulars of building facades, including columns, statues, and decorative elements, or have a look at the beautiful courtyards and interiors of some buildings.
Look for architectural contrasts and notice the differences between the architectural styles throughout the city.
How can I see Rome’s architecture from the best angles?
Rome’s architectural beauty is truly breathtaking, and seeing it from the right angles can elevate the experience.
Here are the best angles to see Rome’s architecture:
- Vittoriano or Altare della Patria. This massive monument offers incredible 360-degree views of Rome. The rooftop terrace provides a stunning panorama of the city’s landmarks.
- Gianicolo or Janiculum Hill. This hill provides a sweeping view of Rome, including the iconic domes and rooftops. It’s an incredibly beautiful spot for sunset.
- Pincio Terrace. Located near Piazza del Popolo, this terrace offers a picturesque view of the city, especially towards St. Peter’s Basilica.
- Aventine Hill. Offers several excellent viewpoints, including the famous “keyhole” view of St. Peter’s Basilica. Also from this hill, you can have great views of the city.
- Terrazza Caffarelli. Located on the Capitoline hill, this terrace offers beautiful views of the Roman rooftops.
All these terraces are visitable through an evening golf cart tour, which can add a touch of romanticism to your experience.
How can I see Rome’s architecture from different angles?
If you want you can also experience Rome’s architecture from different and less touristy angles, here is a little list:
- San Pietro Panoramic View. Arrive up to the Dom of the Basilica and admire the stunning view.
- Trajan’s Markets. The area was to house warehouses, shops, and offices of the imperial administration and serve other commercial and administrative purposes. This monumental complex has buildings rising on several levels, from its top level you can admire a big portion of the historical centre.
- Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana. This palace is one of the symbols of the EUR district and is considered the architectural icon of the Roman 20th century. It is also known as “Square Colosseum” or Palazzo Fendi, today it is the headquarters of the famous Italian brand.
- Mausoleum of Hadrian or Castel Sant’ Angelo. This monument close to Vatican City, has a long story. It was born as a tomb for Emperor Hadrian. During the Papacy became a fortress, a refuge for the Pope and at the end a prison. Today is a museum.
